feat(odbc source): Add ODBC source implementation

[powerumc]

Summary

This PR implemented a new ODBC(Open Database Connectivity) Source.

Vector configuration

[sources.odbc]
type = "odbc"
connection_string = ""
#connection_string_filepath = None
#schedule = None
schedule_timezone = "UTC"
#statement = None
statement_timeout = 3
#statement_init_params = None
#statement_filepath = None
odbc_batch_size = 100
odbc_max_str_limit = 4096
odbc_default_timezone = "UTC"
#tracking_columns = None
#last_run_metadata_path = None

How did you test this PR?

I tested it with integration tests of two databases: MariaDB and Postgresql.
(Testing the MySQL container integration in an ARM64 architecture is not simple, so I tested it with MariaDB. Instead, I manually tested MySQL locally.)

cargo vdev integration test odbc-mariadb
cargo vdev integration test odbc-postgresql

Change Type

• Bug fix
• New feature
• Non-functional (chore, refactoring, docs)
• Performance

Is this a breaking change?

• Yes
• No

Does this PR include user facing changes?

• Yes. Please add a changelog fragment based on our guidelines.
• No. A maintainer will apply the no-changelog label to this PR.

References

• Related: Prototype MySQL Database Source Implementation and Roadmap Inquiry for Official Database Sources/Sinks Support #22931

Notes

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