[gsoc2024][libc][math][c23] Implement _Float16 higher math functions

[overmighty]

This issue is part of the following Google Summer of Code 2024 project: https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/programs/2024/projects/1vPVUj93.

• acosf16: [libc][math][c23] Add acosf16() function #127731
• acoshf16: [libc][math][c23] Add acoshf16 C23 math function. #130588
• acospif16: [libc][math][c23] Add acospif16() function #134664
• asinf16: [libc][math][c23] Add asinf16() function #124212
• asinhf16: [libc][math][c23] Add asinhf16 function #131351
• asinpif16: [libc][math][c23] Implement C23 math function asinpif16 #132210
• atanf16: [libc][math][c23] Implement C23 math function atanf16 #130947
• atan2f16
• atan2pif16: [libc][math][c23] Implement C23 math function atan2pif16 #133739
• atanhf16: [libc][math][c23] Add atanhf16 C23 math function. #132612
• atanpif16: [libc][math][c23] Implement C23 math function atanpif16 #132212
• cbrtf16: [libc][math][c23] Implement higher math function cbrtf16 in LLVM libc #132484
• compoundnf16
• cosf16: [libc][math][c23] Add cosf16 function #118785
• coshf16: [libc][math][c23] Add sinhf16 and coshf16 C23 math functions #105947
• cospif16: [libc][math][c23] Add cospif16 function #113001
• erff16: [libc][math][c23] Implement C23 math function erff16 #133112
• erfcf16
• expf16: [libc][math][c23] Add expf16 C23 math function #100632
• exp10f16: [libc][math][c23] Add exp10f16 C23 math function #101588
• exp10m1f16: [libc][math][c23] Add exp10m1f16 C23 math function #105706
• exp2f16: [libc][math][c23] Add exp2f16 C23 math function #101217
• exp2m1f16: [libc][math][c23] Add exp2m1f16 C23 math function #105690
• expm1f16: [libc][math][c23] Add expm1f16 C23 math function #102387
• fmaf16: [libc][math][c23] Add fmaf16 C23 math function. #130757
• f16sqrt (extension): [libc][math][c23] Add f16sqrt{,l,f128} C23 math functions #96642
• f16sqrtf (extension): [libc][math][c23] Add f16sqrtf C23 math function #95251
• f16sqrtl (extension): [libc][math][c23] Add f16sqrt{,l,f128} C23 math functions #96642
• f16sqrtf128: [libc][math][c23] Add f16sqrt{,l,f128} C23 math functions #96642
• hypotf16: [libc][math][c23] Add hypotf16 function #131991
• lgammaf16
• logf16: [libc][math][c23] Add logf16 C23 math function #106072
• log10f16: [libc][math][c23] Add log10f16 C23 math function #106091
• log10p1f16: [libc][math][c23] Implement C23 math function log10p1f16 #133202
• log1pf16
• log2f16: [libc][math][c23] Add log2f16 C23 math function #106084
• log2p1f16
• logp1f16
• powf16: [libc][math][c23] Implement C23 math function powf16 #132198
• pownf16
• powrf16
• rootnf16
• rsqrtf16: [libc][math][c23] Implement C23 math function rsqrtf16 #132818
• sinf16: [libc][math][c23] Add sinf16 C23 math function #116674
• sincosf16 (extension)
• sinhf16: [libc][math][c23] Add sinhf16 and coshf16 C23 math functions #105947
• sinpif16: [libc] Add sinpif16 function #110994
• sqrtf16: [libc][math][c23] Add sqrtf16 C23 math function #112406
• tanf16: [libc][math][c23] Add tanf16 function #121018
• tanhf16: [libc][math][c23] Add tanhf16 C23 math function #106006
• tanpif16: [libc][math][c23] Add tanpif16 function #115183
• tgammaf16