Add and configure options for the iOS SDK

[mattjohnsonpint]

• Sets the default options for the Cocoa SDK
• Added several internal extension methods to deal with various mappings between .NET and Objective-C data types
• Connect BeforeBreadcrumb on the Cocoa SDK
• Prevented duplicate events on unhandled managed crash by filtering out the corresponding native SIGABRT event

A few minor fixes along the way:

• Fixed the MAUI sample app crashing on startup on iOS
• Updated some #if statements
• Fixed some typos
• Set defaults explicitly for the Android options
• Fixed a bug with DefaultTags being duplicated in the Android SDK
• Aliased a few common types

Next to do (separate PRs coming for these)

• Finish connecting BeforeSend and OnCrashedLastRun, both which need SentryEvent to/from working.
  • Started on this - code is commented out in this PR.
• Gather device and context info in IosScopeObserver
• Need to move the Distribution option into the main SDK.