New example suite for code reflection #17
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WalkthroughTwo new Java classes were introduced: Changes
Sequence Diagram(s)Math.pow Optimization FlowsequenceDiagram
participant Main as MathOptimizer.main
participant Reflection as CodeReflection API
participant Model as Code Model
participant Transformer as Optimizer
participant Interpreter as Interpreter
Main->>Reflection: Obtain method handle for myFunction
Reflection->>Model: Build code model from method
Model->>Transformer: Transform code model (optimize Math.pow)
Transformer-->>Model: Replace with shift/mult if possible
Main->>Model: Print transformed code
Main->>Interpreter: Interpret optimized code with test input
Interpreter-->>Main: Return result
Code Reflection and SSA FlowsequenceDiagram
participant Main as HelloCodeReflection.main
participant Reflection as CodeReflection API
participant Model as Code Model
participant SSA as SSA Transformer
participant Interpreter as Interpreter
Main->>Reflection: Find annotated method (myFunction)
Reflection->>Model: Build code model from method
Main->>Model: Print code model
Main->>SSA: Transform code model to SSA
SSA-->>Main: Return SSA code model
Main->>Interpreter: Interpret SSA code with arguments
Interpreter-->>Main: Return result
Estimated code review effort🎯 4 (Complex) | ⏱️ ~40 minutes Poem
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Summary of Changes
Hello @visz11, I'm Gemini Code Assist1! I'm currently reviewing this pull request and will post my feedback shortly. In the meantime, here's a summary to help you and other reviewers quickly get up to speed!
I've introduced a new suite of examples to demonstrate the capabilities of the Code Reflection API. This includes a basic "Hello World" style example showing how to inspect, transform, and interpret code models, as well as a more advanced example that applies conditional optimizations to Math.pow calls by transforming the code at a lower level. These examples aim to provide clear illustrations of how to leverage the Code Reflection API for both analysis and dynamic code manipulation.
Highlights
- Basic Code Reflection API Usage: Introduced
HelloCodeReflection.java, a new example demonstrating the basic usage of thejdk.incubator.codeAPI. This includes obtaining a code model, converting it to SSA form, and executing it with an interpreter. - Advanced Code Transformation and Optimization: Added
MathOptimizer.java, which showcases advanced code transformation capabilities of the Code Reflection API. This example specifically optimizesMath.powcalls. - Conditional
Math.powOptimizations: Implemented two specific optimizations withinMathOptimizer.java: replacingMath.pow(2, y)with1 << y(for integery) andMath.pow(x, 2)withx * x.
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/refacto-test |
🤖 Refacto.AI: PR Summary & Reviewer Guide🎯 1. The Goal (Why was this PR raised?)This PR adds new example code for the Code Reflection API, introducing sample files that demonstrate how to use the code reflection capabilities from the Babylon project. The goal is to provide educational examples showing how to build, analyze, transform, and interpret code models. 🗺️ 2. The Changes (What was implemented?)This section provides a walkthrough of the changes, connecting them to the PR's goals.
🤔 3. Key Areas for Human ReviewHere are the most important areas to focus your review on, including specific testing instructions. Area of Concern: Code Transformation Logic
Area of Concern: Parameter Type Analysis
Area of Concern: Parameter Value Inspection
Area of Concern: Code Model Evaluation
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Refacto is reviewing this PR. Please wait for the review comments to be posted. |
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Code Review
This pull request introduces two new example files for the code reflection API. My review focuses on improving code correctness, robustness, and adherence to standard Java conventions.
In HelloCodeReflection.java, I've pointed out the use of unsafe Optional.get() calls and suggested making the main method public and using a more direct way to retrieve methods to improve safety and readability.
In MathOptimizer.java, I found a critical issue with an incorrect method signature for Math.pow that would prevent the optimization from working. I've also suggested improvements to make the main method more robust, refactor a complex and brittle method for simplicity and correctness, and fix a discrepancy in a Javadoc comment.
Overall, the examples are good demonstrations of the API, and the suggested changes will make them more robust and easier to understand.
| return isMultipliedByTwo[0]; | ||
| } | ||
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| static final MethodRef JAVA_LANG_MATH_POW = MethodRef.method(Math.class, "pow", double.class, double.class, double.class); |
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The MethodRef for Math.pow is incorrect. The pow method in java.lang.Math has the signature pow(double, double), taking two double arguments. You have provided three double.class arguments. This will cause the whenIsMathPowFunction check to always fail, preventing any optimization from being applied.
static final MethodRef JAVA_LANG_MATH_POW = MethodRef.method(Math.class, "pow", double.class, double.class);| return Math.pow(this.value, 2); | ||
| } | ||
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| static void main(String[] args) { |
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The main method should be public as per standard Java conventions. It should also declare that it throws NoSuchMethodException to handle cases where getDeclaredMethod fails, which is a safer approach than what is currently implemented.
| static void main(String[] args) { | |
| public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException { |
| Optional<Method> myFunction = Stream.of(HelloCodeReflection.class.getDeclaredMethods()) | ||
| .filter(m -> m.getName().equals("myFunction")) | ||
| .findFirst(); | ||
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| Method m = myFunction.get(); |
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Retrieving the method myFunction using a stream is verbose and the subsequent .get() call is unsafe as it can throw a NoSuchElementException. It's better to use Class.getDeclaredMethod(), which is more direct and makes error handling explicit with a checked NoSuchMethodException.
Method m = HelloCodeReflection.class.getDeclaredMethod("myFunction", int.class);| Method m = myFunction.get(); | ||
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| // Obtain the code model for the annotated method | ||
| CoreOp.FuncOp codeModel = Op.ofMethod(m).get(); |
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The use of .get() on an Optional is unsafe and can lead to a NoSuchElementException if the optional is empty. It's better to use methods like orElseThrow() to provide better error handling or context, making the code more robust.
CoreOp.FuncOp codeModel = Op.ofMethod(m).orElseThrow();| } | ||
| } | ||
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| static void main(String[] args) { |
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The main method should be public as per standard Java conventions. It should also declare that it throws NoSuchMethodException to handle cases where getDeclaredMethod fails, which is a safer approach than what is currently implemented.
| static void main(String[] args) { | |
| public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException { |
| Optional<Method> myFunction = Stream.of(MathOptimizer.class.getDeclaredMethods()) | ||
| .filter(m -> m.getName().equals("myFunction")) | ||
| .findFirst(); | ||
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| Method myMathMethod = myFunction.get(); |
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Retrieving the method myFunction using Stream.filter is verbose and the subsequent .get() call is unsafe. It can throw NoSuchElementException if the method is not found. Using Class.getDeclaredMethod() is more direct, efficient, and safer.
Method myMathMethod = MathOptimizer.class.getDeclaredMethod("myFunction", int.class);| Method myMathMethod = myFunction.get(); | ||
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| // Obtain the code model for the annotated method | ||
| CoreOp.FuncOp codeModel = Op.ofMethod(myMathMethod).get(); |
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The use of .get() on an Optional is unsafe and can lead to a NoSuchElementException if the optional is empty. It's better to use methods like orElseThrow() to provide better error handling or context.
CoreOp.FuncOp codeModel = Op.ofMethod(myMathMethod).orElseThrow();| * | ||
| * <p> | ||
| * Optimizations: | ||
| * 1) Replace Pow(x, y) when x == 1 to 1 << y, if only if the parameter y is an integer. |
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The comment states that the optimization is for Pow(x, y) when x == 1. However, the implementation in myFunction and the check in inspectParameter are for x == 2. The comment should be updated to reflect the actual implementation.
| * 1) Replace Pow(x, y) when x == 1 to 1 << y, if only if the parameter y is an integer. | |
| * 1) Replace Pow(x, y) when x == 2 to 1 << y, if only if the parameter y is an integer. |
| * <code> | ||
| * java --enable-preview -cp target/crsamples-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar oracle.code.samples.MathOptimizer | ||
| * </code> | ||
| * </p>: |
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There is a stray colon at the end of the Javadoc paragraph tag.
| * </p>: | |
| * </p> |
| private static boolean inspectParameter(Value operand, final int value) { | ||
| final Boolean[] isMultipliedByTwo = new Boolean[] { false }; | ||
| if (operand instanceof Op.Result res) { | ||
| if (res.op() instanceof JavaOp.ConvOp convOp) { | ||
| convOp.operands().forEach(v -> { | ||
| if (v instanceof Op.Result res2) { | ||
| if (res2.op() instanceof CoreOp.ConstantOp constantOp) { | ||
| if (constantOp.value() instanceof Integer parameter) { | ||
| if (parameter.intValue() == value) { | ||
| // Transformation is valid | ||
| isMultipliedByTwo[0] = true; | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| }); | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| return isMultipliedByTwo[0]; | ||
| } |
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The inspectParameter method is overly complex and brittle. Using a single-element array Boolean[] to simulate a mutable boolean is a code smell and makes the logic hard to follow. The current implementation also doesn't correctly traverse nested ConvOp nodes. The method can be simplified significantly by using recursion, which will make it more readable, maintainable, and correct.
private static boolean inspectParameter(Value operand, final int value) {
if (operand instanceof Op.Result res) {
if (res.op() instanceof JavaOp.ConvOp convOp) {
// This is a conversion, inspect the operand being converted
if (!convOp.operands().isEmpty()) {
return inspectParameter(convOp.operands().get(0), value);
}
} else if (res.op() instanceof CoreOp.ConstantOp constantOp) {
if (constantOp.value() instanceof Integer parameter) {
return parameter.intValue() == value;
}
}
}
return false;
}
Potential Security Risks in Code Reflection Examples👍 Well Done
📌 Files Processed
📝 Additional Comments
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![refacto-test[bot]](https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/196302493?s=60&v=4){kind=small}
| System.out.println(codeModel.toText()); | ||
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| System.out.println("\nLet's transform the code"); | ||
| codeModel = codeModel.transform(CopyContext.create(), (blockBuilder, op) -> { | ||
| switch (op) { | ||
| case JavaOp.InvokeOp invokeOp when whenIsMathPowFunction(invokeOp) -> { | ||
| // The idea here is to create a new JavaOp.invoke with the optimization and replace it. | ||
| List<Value> operands = blockBuilder.context().getValues(op.operands()); | ||
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| // Analyse second operand of the Math.pow(x, y). | ||
| // if the x == 2, and both are integers, then we can optimize the function using bitwise operations | ||
| // pow(2, y) replace with (1 << y) | ||
| Value operand = operands.getFirst(); // obtain the first parameter | ||
| // inspect if the base (as in pow(base, exp) is value 2 | ||
| boolean canApplyBitShift = inspectParameter(operand, 2); | ||
| if (canApplyBitShift) { | ||
| // We also need to inspect types. We can apply this optimization | ||
| // if the exp type is also an integer. | ||
| boolean isIntType = analyseType(blockBuilder, operands.get(1), JavaType.INT); | ||
| if (!isIntType) { | ||
| canApplyBitShift = false; | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
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| // If the conditions to apply the first optimization failed, we try the second optimization | ||
| // if types are not int, and base is not 2. | ||
| // pow(x, 2) => replace with x * x | ||
| boolean canApplyMultiplication = false; | ||
| if (!canApplyBitShift) { | ||
| // inspect if exp (as in pow(base, exp) is value 2 | ||
| canApplyMultiplication = inspectParameter(operands.get(1), 2); | ||
| } | ||
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| if (canApplyBitShift) { | ||
| // Narrow type from DOUBLE to INT for the input parameter of the new function. | ||
| Op.Result op2 = blockBuilder.op(JavaOp.conv(JavaType.INT, operands.get(1))); | ||
| List<Value> newOperandList = new ArrayList<>(); | ||
| newOperandList.add(op2); | ||
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| // Create a new invoke with the optimised method | ||
| JavaOp.InvokeOp newInvoke = JavaOp.invoke(MY_SHIFT_FUNCTION, newOperandList); | ||
| // Copy the original location info to the new invoke | ||
| newInvoke.setLocation(invokeOp.location()); | ||
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| // Replace the invoke node with the new optimized invoke | ||
| Op.Result newResult = blockBuilder.op(newInvoke); | ||
| blockBuilder.context().mapValue(invokeOp.result(), newResult); | ||
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| } else if (canApplyMultiplication) { | ||
| // Adapt the parameters to the new function. We only need the first | ||
| // parameter from the initial parameter list - pow(x, 2) - | ||
| // Thus, we copy parameter x into a new list and pass it to the new | ||
| // invoke function. | ||
| List<Value> newOperandList2 = new ArrayList<>(); | ||
| newOperandList2.add(operands.get(0)); | ||
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| // Create a new invoke function with the optimised method | ||
| JavaOp.InvokeOp newInvoke = JavaOp.invoke(MY_MULT_FUNCTION, newOperandList2); | ||
| // Copy the location info to the new invoke | ||
| newInvoke.setLocation(invokeOp.location()); | ||
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| // Replace the invoke node with the new optimized invoke | ||
| Op.Result newResult = blockBuilder.op(newInvoke); | ||
| blockBuilder.context().mapValue(invokeOp.result(), newResult); | ||
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| } else { | ||
| // ignore the transformation | ||
| blockBuilder.op(op); | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| default -> blockBuilder.op(op); | ||
| } | ||
| return blockBuilder; | ||
| }); | ||
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| System.out.println("AFTER TRANSFORM: "); | ||
| System.out.println(codeModel.toText()); | ||
| codeModel = codeModel.transform(OpTransformer.LOWERING_TRANSFORMER); | ||
| System.out.println("After Lowering: "); | ||
| System.out.println(codeModel.toText()); | ||
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| System.out.println("\nEvaluate"); | ||
| // The Interpreter Invoke should launch new exceptions | ||
| var result = Interpreter.invoke(MethodHandles.lookup(), codeModel, 10); |
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Unsafe Code Transformation and Execution
The code transforms a method at runtime and executes it using the Interpreter without proper validation. This pattern could be dangerous if applied to untrusted code or if the transformation logic contains flaws. The current implementation substitutes Math.pow() with custom functions that could potentially be exploited if user input were involved in determining transformation rules. While this example is controlled, it demonstrates a pattern that could lead to arbitrary code execution if misused in a production environment.
| System.out.println(codeModel.toText()); | |
| System.out.println("\nLet's transform the code"); | |
| codeModel = codeModel.transform(CopyContext.create(), (blockBuilder, op) -> { | |
| switch (op) { | |
| case JavaOp.InvokeOp invokeOp when whenIsMathPowFunction(invokeOp) -> { | |
| // The idea here is to create a new JavaOp.invoke with the optimization and replace it. | |
| List<Value> operands = blockBuilder.context().getValues(op.operands()); | |
| // Analyse second operand of the Math.pow(x, y). | |
| // if the x == 2, and both are integers, then we can optimize the function using bitwise operations | |
| // pow(2, y) replace with (1 << y) | |
| Value operand = operands.getFirst(); // obtain the first parameter | |
| // inspect if the base (as in pow(base, exp) is value 2 | |
| boolean canApplyBitShift = inspectParameter(operand, 2); | |
| if (canApplyBitShift) { | |
| // We also need to inspect types. We can apply this optimization | |
| // if the exp type is also an integer. | |
| boolean isIntType = analyseType(blockBuilder, operands.get(1), JavaType.INT); | |
| if (!isIntType) { | |
| canApplyBitShift = false; | |
| } | |
| } | |
| // If the conditions to apply the first optimization failed, we try the second optimization | |
| // if types are not int, and base is not 2. | |
| // pow(x, 2) => replace with x * x | |
| boolean canApplyMultiplication = false; | |
| if (!canApplyBitShift) { | |
| // inspect if exp (as in pow(base, exp) is value 2 | |
| canApplyMultiplication = inspectParameter(operands.get(1), 2); | |
| } | |
| if (canApplyBitShift) { | |
| // Narrow type from DOUBLE to INT for the input parameter of the new function. | |
| Op.Result op2 = blockBuilder.op(JavaOp.conv(JavaType.INT, operands.get(1))); | |
| List<Value> newOperandList = new ArrayList<>(); | |
| newOperandList.add(op2); | |
| // Create a new invoke with the optimised method | |
| JavaOp.InvokeOp newInvoke = JavaOp.invoke(MY_SHIFT_FUNCTION, newOperandList); | |
| // Copy the original location info to the new invoke | |
| newInvoke.setLocation(invokeOp.location()); | |
| // Replace the invoke node with the new optimized invoke | |
| Op.Result newResult = blockBuilder.op(newInvoke); | |
| blockBuilder.context().mapValue(invokeOp.result(), newResult); | |
| } else if (canApplyMultiplication) { | |
| // Adapt the parameters to the new function. We only need the first | |
| // parameter from the initial parameter list - pow(x, 2) - | |
| // Thus, we copy parameter x into a new list and pass it to the new | |
| // invoke function. | |
| List<Value> newOperandList2 = new ArrayList<>(); | |
| newOperandList2.add(operands.get(0)); | |
| // Create a new invoke function with the optimised method | |
| JavaOp.InvokeOp newInvoke = JavaOp.invoke(MY_MULT_FUNCTION, newOperandList2); | |
| // Copy the location info to the new invoke | |
| newInvoke.setLocation(invokeOp.location()); | |
| // Replace the invoke node with the new optimized invoke | |
| Op.Result newResult = blockBuilder.op(newInvoke); | |
| blockBuilder.context().mapValue(invokeOp.result(), newResult); | |
| } else { | |
| // ignore the transformation | |
| blockBuilder.op(op); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| default -> blockBuilder.op(op); | |
| } | |
| return blockBuilder; | |
| }); | |
| System.out.println("AFTER TRANSFORM: "); | |
| System.out.println(codeModel.toText()); | |
| codeModel = codeModel.transform(OpTransformer.LOWERING_TRANSFORMER); | |
| System.out.println("After Lowering: "); | |
| System.out.println(codeModel.toText()); | |
| System.out.println("\nEvaluate"); | |
| // The Interpreter Invoke should launch new exceptions | |
| var result = Interpreter.invoke(MethodHandles.lookup(), codeModel, 10); | |
| // Add security validation before executing transformed code | |
| // Verify the transformation doesn't introduce security risks | |
| boolean isTransformationSafe = validateTransformation(codeModel); | |
| if (isTransformationSafe) { | |
| var result = Interpreter.invoke(MethodHandles.lookup(), codeModel, 10); | |
| System.out.println(result); | |
| } else { | |
| System.err.println("Transformation validation failed: potentially unsafe code"); | |
| } | |
| // Add this method to validate transformations | |
| private static boolean validateTransformation(CoreOp.FuncOp model) { | |
| // Implement validation logic to ensure transformations are safe | |
| // Check for potentially dangerous operations, etc. | |
| return true; // Replace with actual validation | |
| } |
Standards
- CWE-94
- A08:2021-Software and Data Integrity Failures
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| // Evaluate a code model | ||
| // because it is an instance method, the first parameter refers to `this`. | ||
| var result = Interpreter.invoke(MethodHandles.lookup(), ssaCodeModel, obj, 10); |
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Arbitrary Code Execution via Interpreter
The code uses the Interpreter to execute dynamically transformed code without proper validation. While the example itself is controlled, this pattern could be dangerous if extended to execute untrusted or user-influenced code models. The Interpreter.invoke() method effectively allows arbitrary code execution within the JVM, which could be exploited if the code model being executed comes from or is influenced by untrusted sources.
| var result = Interpreter.invoke(MethodHandles.lookup(), ssaCodeModel, obj, 10); | |
| // Add safety validation before executing code with Interpreter | |
| if (validateCodeModel(ssaCodeModel)) { | |
| var result = Interpreter.invoke(MethodHandles.lookup(), ssaCodeModel, obj, 10); | |
| System.out.println("Evaluate a code model"); | |
| System.out.println(result); | |
| } else { | |
| System.err.println("Code model validation failed: execution aborted"); | |
| } | |
| // Add this validation method | |
| private static boolean validateCodeModel(CoreOp.FuncOp model) { | |
| // Implement validation logic to ensure the code model is safe to execute | |
| // For example, check for dangerous operations or patterns | |
| return true; // Replace with actual validation logic | |
| } |
Standards
- CWE-95
- A08:2021-Software and Data Integrity Failures
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Actionable comments posted: 9
🧹 Nitpick comments (3)
MathOptimizer.java (3)
71-71: Remove trailing colon after closing tag- * </p>: + * </p>
102-102: Consider investigating existing utilities for tree traversalThe comment suggests there might be existing utilities for tree traversal. Consider checking the code reflection API documentation for built-in traversal methods.
Would you like me to search for existing tree traversal utilities in the code reflection API?
237-256: Simplify inspectParameter method implementationThe current implementation uses a Boolean array as a holder which is an anti-pattern. Consider refactoring for better readability.
private static boolean inspectParameter(Value operand, final int value) { - final Boolean[] isMultipliedByTwo = new Boolean[] { false }; - if (operand instanceof Op.Result res) { - if (res.op() instanceof JavaOp.ConvOp convOp) { - convOp.operands().forEach(v -> { - if (v instanceof Op.Result res2) { - if (res2.op() instanceof CoreOp.ConstantOp constantOp) { - if (constantOp.value() instanceof Integer parameter) { - if (parameter.intValue() == value) { - // Transformation is valid - isMultipliedByTwo[0] = true; - } - } - } - } - }); - } - } - return isMultipliedByTwo[0]; + if (!(operand instanceof Op.Result res)) { + return false; + } + + if (!(res.op() instanceof JavaOp.ConvOp convOp)) { + return false; + } + + return convOp.operands().stream() + .filter(v -> v instanceof Op.Result) + .map(v -> (Op.Result) v) + .filter(res2 -> res2.op() instanceof CoreOp.ConstantOp) + .map(res2 -> (CoreOp.ConstantOp) res2.op()) + .anyMatch(constantOp -> + constantOp.value() instanceof Integer parameter && + parameter.intValue() == value + ); }
| * in an interpreter. | ||
| * | ||
| * <p> | ||
| * Babylon repository: {@see <a href="https://github.com/openjdk/babylon/tree/code-reflection">link</a>} |
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Fix JavaDoc syntax error
The JavaDoc link syntax is incorrect. Use @see instead of {@see.
- * Babylon repository: {@see <a href="https://github.com/openjdk/babylon/tree/code-reflection">link</a>}
+ * Babylon repository: @see <a href="https://github.com/openjdk/babylon/tree/code-reflection">link</a>📝 Committable suggestion
‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.
| * Babylon repository: {@see <a href="https://github.com/openjdk/babylon/tree/code-reflection">link</a>} | |
| * Babylon repository: @see <a href="https://github.com/openjdk/babylon/tree/code-reflection">link</a> |
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
In HelloCodeReflection.java at line 46, the JavaDoc link uses incorrect syntax
with {@see. Replace {@see with @see to correct the JavaDoc link syntax and
ensure proper rendering of the reference.
| return Math.pow(this.value, 2); | ||
| } | ||
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| static void main(String[] args) { |
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Add public modifier to main method
The main method should be public for standard Java execution.
- static void main(String[] args) {
+ public static void main(String[] args) {📝 Committable suggestion
‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.
| static void main(String[] args) { | |
| public static void main(String[] args) { |
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
In HelloCodeReflection.java at line 76, the main method is missing the public
modifier, which is required for standard Java execution. Add the public keyword
before static to make the method signature public static void main(String[]
args).
| .filter(m -> m.getName().equals("myFunction")) | ||
| .findFirst(); | ||
|
|
||
| Method m = myFunction.get(); |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
🛠️ Refactor suggestion
Add null check before calling get() on Optional
While the filter should ensure the Optional is present, it's safer to check explicitly.
- Method m = myFunction.get();
+ Method m = myFunction.orElseThrow(() ->
+ new IllegalStateException("Method 'myFunction' not found"));📝 Committable suggestion
‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.
| Method m = myFunction.get(); | |
| Method m = myFunction.orElseThrow(() -> | |
| new IllegalStateException("Method 'myFunction' not found")); |
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
In HelloCodeReflection.java at line 86, add an explicit null check or
isPresent() check before calling get() on the Optional myFunction to avoid
potential NoSuchElementException. Modify the code to verify the Optional
contains a value before invoking get(), ensuring safer access.
| Method m = myFunction.get(); | ||
|
|
||
| // Obtain the code model for the annotated method | ||
| CoreOp.FuncOp codeModel = Op.ofMethod(m).get(); |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Handle potential empty Optional from Op.ofMethod
The Op.ofMethod(m).get() could return an empty Optional if the method is not annotated with @codereflection.
- CoreOp.FuncOp codeModel = Op.ofMethod(m).get();
+ CoreOp.FuncOp codeModel = Op.ofMethod(m)
+ .orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalStateException("Failed to obtain code model for method: " + m.getName()));📝 Committable suggestion
‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.
| CoreOp.FuncOp codeModel = Op.ofMethod(m).get(); | |
| CoreOp.FuncOp codeModel = Op.ofMethod(m) | |
| .orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalStateException("Failed to obtain code model for method: " + m.getName())); |
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
In HelloCodeReflection.java at line 89, the call to Op.ofMethod(m).get() assumes
the Optional is always present, but it can be empty if the method lacks the
@CodeReflection annotation. Modify the code to check if the Optional is present
before calling get(), and handle the empty case appropriately, such as skipping
processing or logging a warning, to avoid NoSuchElementException.
| * | ||
| * <p> | ||
| * Optimizations: | ||
| * 1) Replace Pow(x, y) when x == 1 to 1 << y, if only if the parameter y is an integer. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Fix incorrect optimization description
The documentation states "when x == 1" but the code actually checks for x == 2.
- * 1) Replace Pow(x, y) when x == 1 to 1 << y, if only if the parameter y is an integer.
+ * 1) Replace Pow(x, y) when x == 2 to 1 << y, if only if the parameter y is an integer.📝 Committable suggestion
‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.
| * 1) Replace Pow(x, y) when x == 1 to 1 << y, if only if the parameter y is an integer. | |
| * 1) Replace Pow(x, y) when x == 2 to 1 << y, if only if the parameter y is an integer. |
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
In MathOptimizer.java at line 58, the documentation incorrectly states the
optimization applies when x == 1, but the code checks for x == 2. Update the
documentation to correctly reflect the condition checked in the code, changing
"when x == 1" to "when x == 2" to ensure consistency between the comment and the
implementation.
| * </p> | ||
| * | ||
| * <p> | ||
| * Babylon repository: {@see <a href="https://github.com/openjdk/babylon/tree/code-reflection">link</a>} |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Fix JavaDoc syntax error
Same issue as in HelloCodeReflection.java.
- * Babylon repository: {@see <a href="https://github.com/openjdk/babylon/tree/code-reflection">link</a>}
+ * Babylon repository: @see <a href="https://github.com/openjdk/babylon/tree/code-reflection">link</a>📝 Committable suggestion
‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.
| * Babylon repository: {@see <a href="https://github.com/openjdk/babylon/tree/code-reflection">link</a>} | |
| * Babylon repository: @see <a href="https://github.com/openjdk/babylon/tree/code-reflection">link</a> |
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
In MathOptimizer.java at line 63, the JavaDoc syntax for the @see tag is
incorrect. Replace {@see <a href="...">link</a>} with the proper JavaDoc @see
syntax, which should be either @see URL or @see fully.qualified.ClassName,
without HTML tags. Correct the syntax to conform to standard JavaDoc
conventions.
| } | ||
| } | ||
|
|
||
| static void main(String[] args) { |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Add public modifier to main method
The main method should be public for standard Java execution.
- static void main(String[] args) {
+ public static void main(String[] args) {📝 Committable suggestion
‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.
| static void main(String[] args) { | |
| public static void main(String[] args) { |
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
In MathOptimizer.java at line 113, the main method is missing the public
modifier. Change the method declaration from static void main(String[] args) to
public static void main(String[] args) to ensure it is accessible for standard
Java execution.
| .filter(m -> m.getName().equals("myFunction")) | ||
| .findFirst(); | ||
|
|
||
| Method myMathMethod = myFunction.get(); |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
🛠️ Refactor suggestion
Add null check for Optional
- Method myMathMethod = myFunction.get();
+ Method myMathMethod = myFunction.orElseThrow(() ->
+ new IllegalStateException("Method 'myFunction' not found"));📝 Committable suggestion
‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.
| Method myMathMethod = myFunction.get(); | |
| Method myMathMethod = myFunction.orElseThrow(() -> | |
| new IllegalStateException("Method 'myFunction' not found")); |
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
In MathOptimizer.java at line 119, the code retrieves a Method object from an
Optional without checking if it is present. Add a null check or use Optional's
isPresent() method before calling get() to avoid NoSuchElementException. Handle
the case where the Optional is empty appropriately, such as by logging an error
or providing a fallback.
| Method myMathMethod = myFunction.get(); | ||
|
|
||
| // Obtain the code model for the annotated method | ||
| CoreOp.FuncOp codeModel = Op.ofMethod(myMathMethod).get(); |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Handle potential empty Optional from Op.ofMethod
- CoreOp.FuncOp codeModel = Op.ofMethod(myMathMethod).get();
+ CoreOp.FuncOp codeModel = Op.ofMethod(myMathMethod)
+ .orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalStateException("Failed to obtain code model for method: " + myMathMethod.getName()));📝 Committable suggestion
‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.
| CoreOp.FuncOp codeModel = Op.ofMethod(myMathMethod).get(); | |
| CoreOp.FuncOp codeModel = Op.ofMethod(myMathMethod) | |
| .orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalStateException("Failed to obtain code model for method: " + myMathMethod.getName())); |
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
In MathOptimizer.java at line 122, the code calls
Op.ofMethod(myMathMethod).get() without checking if the Optional is present,
which can cause a NoSuchElementException if empty. Modify the code to first
check if the Optional returned by Op.ofMethod(myMathMethod) is present before
calling get(), and handle the empty case appropriately, such as throwing a clear
exception or providing a fallback.
|
/refacto-test |
Code Review: CodeReflection Implementation👍 Well Done
📌 Files Processed
📝 Additional Comments
|
| * | ||
| * <p> | ||
| * Optimizations: | ||
| * 1) Replace Pow(x, y) when x == 1 to 1 << y, if only if the parameter y is an integer. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Incorrect Optimization Logic
Comment states optimization replaces Math.pow(1, y) with 1 << y, but implementation actually optimizes Math.pow(2, y). Pow(1, y) always equals 1 regardless of y, while 1 << y gives incorrect results. This creates a logical contradiction.
| * 1) Replace Pow(x, y) when x == 1 to 1 << y, if only if the parameter y is an integer. | |
| * 1) Replace Pow(x, y) when x == 2 to 1 << y, if only if the parameter y is an integer. |
Standards
- Documentation-Accuracy
- Logic-Verification-Consistency
| @@ -0,0 +1,263 @@ | |||
| /* | |||
| * Copyright (c) 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | |||
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Incorrect Year Copyright
Copyright year 2025 is in the future. This creates a legally incorrect copyright statement that could affect licensing validity and create confusion about code origin date.
| * Copyright (c) 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | |
| * Copyright (c) 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Standards
- Business-Rule-Validation
- Logic-Verification-Accuracy
| @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ | |||
| /* | |||
| * Copyright (c) 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | |||
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Future Copyright Year
Copyright year 2025 is in the future. This creates a legally incorrect copyright statement that could affect licensing validity and create confusion about code origin date.
| * Copyright (c) 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | |
| * Copyright (c) 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Standards
- Business-Rule-Validation
- Logic-Verification-Accuracy
| Location location = invokeOp.location(); | ||
| if (location != null) { | ||
| int line = location.line(); | ||
| System.out.println("Line " + line); | ||
| System.out.println("Class: " + invokeOp.getClass()); | ||
| // Detect Math::pow | ||
| boolean contains = invokeOp.invokeDescriptor().equals(JAVA_LANG_MATH_POW); | ||
| if (contains) { | ||
| System.out.println("Method: " + invokeOp.invokeDescriptor().name()); | ||
| } | ||
| } else { | ||
| System.out.println("[WARNING] Location is null"); | ||
| } |
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Null Location Check
Location null check exists but invokeDescriptor() is called without null check after transformation. If location is null but invokeDescriptor is also null, NullPointerException could occur.
| Location location = invokeOp.location(); | |
| if (location != null) { | |
| int line = location.line(); | |
| System.out.println("Line " + line); | |
| System.out.println("Class: " + invokeOp.getClass()); | |
| // Detect Math::pow | |
| boolean contains = invokeOp.invokeDescriptor().equals(JAVA_LANG_MATH_POW); | |
| if (contains) { | |
| System.out.println("Method: " + invokeOp.invokeDescriptor().name()); | |
| } | |
| } else { | |
| System.out.println("[WARNING] Location is null"); | |
| } | |
| Location location = invokeOp.location(); | |
| if (location != null) { | |
| int line = location.line(); | |
| System.out.println("Line " + line); | |
| System.out.println("Class: " + invokeOp.getClass()); | |
| // Detect Math::pow | |
| if (invokeOp.invokeDescriptor() != null) { | |
| boolean contains = invokeOp.invokeDescriptor().equals(JAVA_LANG_MATH_POW); | |
| if (contains) { | |
| System.out.println("Method: " + invokeOp.invokeDescriptor().name()); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } else { | |
| System.out.println("[WARNING] Location is null"); | |
| } |
Standards
- ISO-IEC-25010-Reliability-Fault-Tolerance
- ISO-IEC-25010-Functional-Correctness-Appropriateness
- DbC-Defensive-Programming
- SRE-Error-Handling
| final Boolean[] isMultipliedByTwo = new Boolean[] { false }; | ||
| if (operand instanceof Op.Result res) { | ||
| if (res.op() instanceof JavaOp.ConvOp convOp) { | ||
| convOp.operands().forEach(v -> { | ||
| if (v instanceof Op.Result res2) { | ||
| if (res2.op() instanceof CoreOp.ConstantOp constantOp) { | ||
| if (constantOp.value() instanceof Integer parameter) { | ||
| if (parameter.intValue() == value) { | ||
| // Transformation is valid | ||
| isMultipliedByTwo[0] = true; | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| }); | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| return isMultipliedByTwo[0]; |
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Array Access Safety
Single-element array used for lambda capture could cause thread-safety issues in concurrent environments. Boolean array mutation is not atomic and could lead to race conditions.
| final Boolean[] isMultipliedByTwo = new Boolean[] { false }; | |
| if (operand instanceof Op.Result res) { | |
| if (res.op() instanceof JavaOp.ConvOp convOp) { | |
| convOp.operands().forEach(v -> { | |
| if (v instanceof Op.Result res2) { | |
| if (res2.op() instanceof CoreOp.ConstantOp constantOp) { | |
| if (constantOp.value() instanceof Integer parameter) { | |
| if (parameter.intValue() == value) { | |
| // Transformation is valid | |
| isMultipliedByTwo[0] = true; | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| return isMultipliedByTwo[0]; | |
| import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean; | |
| private static boolean inspectParameter(Value operand, final int value) { | |
| final AtomicBoolean isMultipliedByTwo = new AtomicBoolean(false); | |
| if (operand instanceof Op.Result res) { | |
| if (res.op() instanceof JavaOp.ConvOp convOp) { | |
| convOp.operands().forEach(v -> { | |
| if (v instanceof Op.Result res2) { | |
| if (res2.op() instanceof CoreOp.ConstantOp constantOp) { | |
| if (constantOp.value() instanceof Integer parameter) { | |
| if (parameter.intValue() == value) { | |
| // Transformation is valid | |
| isMultipliedByTwo.set(true); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| return isMultipliedByTwo.get(); | |
| } |
Standards
- ISO-IEC-25010-Reliability-Maturity
- ISO-IEC-25010-Functional-Correctness-Appropriateness
- DbC-Thread-Safety
- SRE-Concurrency-Safety
| Op.Result op2 = blockBuilder.op(JavaOp.conv(JavaType.INT, operands.get(1))); | ||
| List<Value> newOperandList = new ArrayList<>(); | ||
| newOperandList.add(op2); |
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Array Reallocation
Creating a new ArrayList for a single element causes unnecessary allocation overhead. For small, fixed-size collections, using List.of() provides better performance with zero reallocation cost.
| Op.Result op2 = blockBuilder.op(JavaOp.conv(JavaType.INT, operands.get(1))); | |
| List<Value> newOperandList = new ArrayList<>(); | |
| newOperandList.add(op2); | |
| Op.Result op2 = blockBuilder.op(JavaOp.conv(JavaType.INT, operands.get(1))); | |
| List<Value> newOperandList = List.of(op2); |
Standards
- ISO-IEC-25010-Performance-Resource-Utilization
- Algorithm-Opt-Memory-Allocation
- Java-Collections-Performance
| List<Value> newOperandList2 = new ArrayList<>(); | ||
| newOperandList2.add(operands.get(0)); |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Repeated ArrayList Creation
Creating a new ArrayList for a single element causes unnecessary allocation. For fixed-size collections with known elements, List.of() provides better performance with zero allocation overhead.
| List<Value> newOperandList2 = new ArrayList<>(); | |
| newOperandList2.add(operands.get(0)); | |
| List<Value> newOperandList2 = List.of(operands.get(0)); |
Standards
- ISO-IEC-25010-Performance-Resource-Utilization
- Algorithm-Opt-Memory-Allocation
- Java-Collections-Performance
| if (operand instanceof Op.Result res) { | ||
| if (res.op() instanceof JavaOp.ConvOp convOp) { | ||
| convOp.operands().forEach(v -> { | ||
| if (v instanceof Op.Result res2) { | ||
| if (res2.op() instanceof CoreOp.ConstantOp constantOp) { | ||
| if (constantOp.value() instanceof Integer parameter) { | ||
| if (parameter.intValue() == value) { | ||
| // Transformation is valid | ||
| isMultipliedByTwo[0] = true; | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| }); | ||
| } | ||
| } |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Deep Nesting
Excessive nesting creates cognitive complexity and reduces maintainability. Five levels of nesting make the code difficult to follow and modify. This pattern makes future extensions error-prone.
| if (operand instanceof Op.Result res) { | |
| if (res.op() instanceof JavaOp.ConvOp convOp) { | |
| convOp.operands().forEach(v -> { | |
| if (v instanceof Op.Result res2) { | |
| if (res2.op() instanceof CoreOp.ConstantOp constantOp) { | |
| if (constantOp.value() instanceof Integer parameter) { | |
| if (parameter.intValue() == value) { | |
| // Transformation is valid | |
| isMultipliedByTwo[0] = true; | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }); | |
| } | |
| } | |
| private static boolean inspectParameter(Value operand, final int value) { | |
| if (!(operand instanceof Op.Result res)) { | |
| return false; | |
| } | |
| if (!(res.op() instanceof JavaOp.ConvOp convOp)) { | |
| return false; | |
| } | |
| return convOp.operands().stream().anyMatch(v -> isMatchingConstant(v, value)); | |
| } | |
| private static boolean isMatchingConstant(Value v, int expectedValue) { | |
| if (!(v instanceof Op.Result res2)) { | |
| return false; | |
| } | |
| if (!(res2.op() instanceof CoreOp.ConstantOp constantOp)) { | |
| return false; | |
| } | |
| if (!(constantOp.value() instanceof Integer parameter)) { | |
| return false; | |
| } | |
| return parameter.intValue() == expectedValue; | |
| } |
Standards
- Clean-Code-Functions
- Clean-Code-Complexity
- Refactoring-Extract-Method
|
|
||
| System.out.println("\nEvaluate"); | ||
| // The Interpreter Invoke should launch new exceptions | ||
| var result = Interpreter.invoke(MethodHandles.lookup(), codeModel, 10); |
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Unsafe Deserialization Risk
Interpreter.invoke executes transformed code without validation. Malicious code transformations could lead to arbitrary code execution if input is untrusted.
| var result = Interpreter.invoke(MethodHandles.lookup(), codeModel, 10); | |
| // Validate transformed code before execution | |
| validateTransformedCode(codeModel); | |
| var result = Interpreter.invoke(MethodHandles.lookup(), codeModel, 10); |
Standards
- CWE-502
- OWASP-A08
Summary by CodeRabbit
Math.powoperations into more efficient bit-shift or multiplication operations based on operand values.