Tiff format support

[brianpopow]

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Description

This PR adds support for TIFF decoding and encoding.

The specification can be found here: TIFF spec
Or as a PDF in the tiff folder (ImageSharp\Formats\Tiff).

Currently the Encoder and Decoder support the following:

Baseline TIFF

• Bilevel Images aka Black and White images.
• Grayscale Images
• Palette-color Images
• RGB Full Color Images
• PackBits Compression
• Modified Huffman Compression (Ccitt1D)

TIFF Extensions

• CcittGroup3Fax
• LZW compression
• Deflate compression
• Differencing Predictor

The following extension features will probably not be part of the first release of the TIFF format support.

• CcittGroup4Fax
• JPEG Compression Technote 2
• Tiled Images
• TransparencyMask
• Separated (TIFF Extension color spaces)
• YCbCr (TIFF Extension color spaces)
• CieLab (TIFF Extension color spaces)
• IccLab (TechNote 1)

TODO's

• Issue with LZW decoding with some images, for example: rgb_lzw_no_predictor.tiff Fixed with #12 Tiff specific fixes for LZW #1457
• Deflate compression uses deflate implementation of PNG, we should move that now to a common place
• There is still an issue with LZW. Compression a byte array with LZW and then decompress it again does not yield in the original byte array. See failing tests. fixed with da51a4f

[JimBobSquarePants]

@IldarKhayrutdinov @brianpopow Have either of you seen this library? I wonder if there's some features we can compare there.

https://github.com/yigolden/TiffLibrary/blob/master/Documentation/supported-tiff-features.md

[IldarKhayrutdinov]

@IldarKhayrutdinov @brianpopow Have either of you seen this library? I wonder if there's some features we can compare there.

https://github.com/yigolden/TiffLibrary/blob/master/Documentation/supported-tiff-features.md

I haven't seen, but it seems we can benefit from her, for example features: BigTIFF, tiled; TiffGray16 Pixel, CMYK, YCbCr Photometric; T4, T6, JPEG, ThunderScan, NeXT compressions; and we can compare performance for existing features.

[brianpopow]

@IldarKhayrutdinov @brianpopow Have either of you seen this library? I wonder if there's some features we can compare there.

https://github.com/yigolden/TiffLibrary/blob/master/Documentation/supported-tiff-features.md

I have not seen that either. As @IldarKhayrutdinov said, good to see how others have implemented some features and to compare performance against.

[JimBobSquarePants]

Dunno why this got closed. Something to do with the LFS changes I think.

[JimBobSquarePants]

PR is now at #1553 due to Git LFS force push.