CPU 3D renderer

This is a 3D renderer engine written from scratch and only uses the CPU. The only libraries used are the standard library, SFML for window creation and Dear ImGui for the GUI.

Features

• Perspective projection

• Forward and deferred shading

• Multithreaded deferred pass

• Adjustable camera settings

• Instancing: create a mesh and reuse it with different scale, position and rotation

• Object tree system, objects have transforms that propagate to their children and contain components such as meshes, lights, cameras, etc.

• Each face can have its own material

• Flexible material system, works like shaders

• Phong shading (per pixel lighting)

• Alpha testing

• Order Independent Transparency

• Flat material support

• Simple subsurface scattering for flat materials

• Directional lights, point lights, spotlights, and ambient lighting

• Shadow mapping for spotlights

• God rays (volumetric lighting)

• Screen space fog based on Z buffer, with exponential falloff

• Fog and volumetric lighting with effects for transparent materials such as glass and fluids

• Skyboxes

• OBJ and STL file importer

• Mesh generators:

  • UV Sphere
  • Plane
  • Regular icosahedron
  • Subdivided icosahedron
  • Regular dodecahedron
  • Pentakis dodecahedron
  • Truncated icosahedron
  • Ball (subdivided truncated icosahedron)
  • Cube-sphere (quadrilateralized spherical cube)

• Material types:

  • Phong: Phong reflection model with additions: diffuse, specular and emissive
  • Earth: Combines terrain, ocean and clouds
  • PBR (Physically Based Rendering)

• Texture types:

  • Solid
  • Image (loads from image file)
  • Tiny Image (low-memory, no mipmaps)
  • Sine wave
  • Blend (combine multiple textures)

• Texture filtering: nearest / bilinear / trilinear

• Normal mapping with adjustable strength

• Render options: view framebuffer or z buffer, show wireframe, disable lighting (fullbright)

• GUI allows most scene data to be controlled

• Lua integration for scene definition and scripting

• Instantly switch between multiple scenes

• Offline rendering mode (pause real-time rendering and render one frame manually)

• Performance metrics with per-pass timing measurements