[lldb][TypeSystemClang] Add warning and defensive checks when ASTContext is not fully initialized (llvm#110481)

As this comment around target initialization implies:
```
  // This can be NULL if we don't know anything about the architecture or if
  // the target for an architecture isn't enabled in the llvm/clang that we
  // built
```

There are cases where we might fail to call `InitBuiltinTypes` when
creating the backing `ASTContext` for a `TypeSystemClang`. If that
happens, the builtins `QualType`s, e.g., `VoidPtrTy`/`IntTy`/etc., are
not initialized and dereferencing them as we do in
`GetBuiltinTypeForEncodingAndBitSize` (and other places) will lead to
nullptr-dereferences. Example backtrace:
```
(lldb) run
Assertion failed: (!isNull() && "Cannot retrieve a NULL type pointer"), function getCommonPtr, file Type.h, line 958.
Process 2680 stopped
* thread #15, name = '<lldb.process.internal-state(pid=2712)>', stop reason = hit program assert
    frame #4: 0x000000010cdf3cdc liblldb.20.0.0git.dylib`DWARFASTParserClang::ExtractIntFromFormValue(lldb_private::CompilerType const&, lldb_private::plugin::dwarf::DWARFFormValue const&) const (.cold.1) + 
liblldb.20.0.0git.dylib`DWARFASTParserClang::ParseObjCMethod(lldb_private::ObjCLanguage::MethodName const&, lldb_private::plugin::dwarf::DWARFDIE const&, lldb_private::CompilerType, ParsedDWARFTypeAttributes
, bool) (.cold.1):
->  0x10cdf3cdc <+0>:  stp    x29, x30, [sp, #-0x10]!
    0x10cdf3ce0 <+4>:  mov    x29, sp
    0x10cdf3ce4 <+8>:  adrp   x0, 545
    0x10cdf3ce8 <+12>: add    x0, x0, #0xa25 ; "ParseObjCMethod"
Target 0: (lldb) stopped.
(lldb) bt
* thread #15, name = '<lldb.process.internal-state(pid=2712)>', stop reason = hit program assert
    frame #0: 0x0000000180d08600 libsystem_kernel.dylib`__pthread_kill + 8
    frame #1: 0x0000000180d40f50 libsystem_pthread.dylib`pthread_kill + 288
    frame #2: 0x0000000180c4d908 libsystem_c.dylib`abort + 128
    frame #3: 0x0000000180c4cc1c libsystem_c.dylib`__assert_rtn + 284
  * frame #4: 0x000000010cdf3cdc liblldb.20.0.0git.dylib`DWARFASTParserClang::ExtractIntFromFormValue(lldb_private::CompilerType const&, lldb_private::plugin::dwarf::DWARFFormValue const&) const (.cold.1) + 
    frame #5: 0x0000000109d30acc liblldb.20.0.0git.dylib`lldb_private::TypeSystemClang::GetBuiltinTypeForEncodingAndBitSize(lldb::Encoding, unsigned long) + 1188
    frame #6: 0x0000000109aaaed4 liblldb.20.0.0git.dylib`DynamicLoaderMacOS::NotifyBreakpointHit(void*, lldb_private::StoppointCallbackContext*, unsigned long long, unsigned long long) + 384
```

This patch adds a one-time user-visible warning for when we fail to
initialize the AST to indicate that initialization went wrong for the
given target. Additionally, we add checks for whether one of the
`ASTContext` `QualType`s is invalid before dereferencing any builtin
types.

The warning would look as follows:
```
(lldb) target create "a.out"
Current executable set to 'a.out' (arm64).
(lldb) b main
warning: Failed to initialize builtin ASTContext types for target 'some-unknown-triple'. Printing variables may behave unexpectedly.
Breakpoint 1: where = a.out`main + 8 at stepping.cpp:5:14, address = 0x0000000100003f90
```

rdar://134869779

Author: Michael137

lldb/source/Plugins/TypeSystem/Clang/TypeSystemClang.cpp

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
 #include "Plugins/ExpressionParser/Clang/ClangUserExpression.h"
 #include "Plugins/ExpressionParser/Clang/ClangUtil.h"
 #include "Plugins/ExpressionParser/Clang/ClangUtilityFunction.h"
+#include "lldb/Core/Debugger.h"
 #include "lldb/Core/DumpDataExtractor.h"
 #include "lldb/Core/Module.h"
 #include "lldb/Core/PluginManager.h"
@@ -697,10 +698,20 @@ void TypeSystemClang::CreateASTContext() {
   TargetInfo *target_info = getTargetInfo();
   if (target_info)
     m_ast_up->InitBuiltinTypes(*target_info);
-  else if (auto *log = GetLog(LLDBLog::Expressions))
-    LLDB_LOG(log,
-             "Failed to initialize builtin ASTContext types for target '{0}'",
-             m_target_triple);
+  else {
+    std::string err =
+        llvm::formatv(
+            "Failed to initialize builtin ASTContext types for target '{0}'. "
+            "Printing variables may behave unexpectedly.",
+            m_target_triple)
+            .str();
+
+    LLDB_LOG(GetLog(LLDBLog::Expressions), err.c_str());
+
+    static std::once_flag s_uninitialized_target_warning;
+    Debugger::ReportWarning(std::move(err), /*debugger_id=*/std::nullopt,
+                            &s_uninitialized_target_warning);
+  }
 
   GetASTMap().Insert(m_ast_up.get(), this);
 
@@ -749,6 +760,10 @@ CompilerType
 TypeSystemClang::GetBuiltinTypeForEncodingAndBitSize(Encoding encoding,
                                                      size_t bit_size) {
   ASTContext &ast = getASTContext();
+
+  if (!ast.VoidPtrTy)
+    return {};
+
   switch (encoding) {
   case eEncodingInvalid:
     if (QualTypeMatchesBitSize(bit_size, ast, ast.VoidPtrTy))
@@ -891,6 +906,9 @@ CompilerType TypeSystemClang::GetBuiltinTypeForDWARFEncodingAndBitSize(
     llvm::StringRef type_name, uint32_t dw_ate, uint32_t bit_size) {
   ASTContext &ast = getASTContext();
 
+  if (!ast.VoidPtrTy)
+    return {};
+
   switch (dw_ate) {
   default:
     break;
@@ -2335,6 +2353,9 @@ CompilerType TypeSystemClang::GetIntTypeFromBitSize(size_t bit_size,
                                                     bool is_signed) {
   clang::ASTContext &ast = getASTContext();
 
+  if (!ast.VoidPtrTy)
+    return {};
+
   if (is_signed) {
     if (bit_size == ast.getTypeSize(ast.SignedCharTy))
       return GetType(ast.SignedCharTy);
@@ -2376,6 +2397,9 @@ CompilerType TypeSystemClang::GetIntTypeFromBitSize(size_t bit_size,
 }
 
 CompilerType TypeSystemClang::GetPointerSizedIntType(bool is_signed) {
+  if (!getASTContext().VoidPtrTy)
+    return {};
+
   return GetIntTypeFromBitSize(
       getASTContext().getTypeSize(getASTContext().VoidPtrTy), is_signed);
 }
@@ -7453,6 +7477,13 @@ clang::FieldDecl *TypeSystemClang::AddFieldToRecordType(
 
   clang::Expr *bit_width = nullptr;
   if (bitfield_bit_size != 0) {
+    if (clang_ast.IntTy.isNull()) {
+      LLDB_LOG(
+          GetLog(LLDBLog::Expressions),
+          "{0} failed: builtin ASTContext types have not been initialized");
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+
     llvm::APInt bitfield_bit_size_apint(clang_ast.getTypeSize(clang_ast.IntTy),
                                         bitfield_bit_size);
     bit_width = new (clang_ast)

lldb/unittests/Symbol/TestTypeSystemClang.cpp

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "lldb/Core/Declaration.h"
 #include "lldb/Host/FileSystem.h"
 #include "lldb/Host/HostInfo.h"
+#include "lldb/lldb-enumerations.h"
 #include "clang/AST/DeclCXX.h"
 #include "clang/AST/DeclObjC.h"
 #include "clang/AST/ExprCXX.h"
@@ -231,6 +232,37 @@ TEST_F(TestTypeSystemClang, TestBuiltinTypeForEncodingAndBitSize) {
   VerifyEncodingAndBitSize(*m_ast, eEncodingIEEE754, 64);
 }
 
+TEST_F(TestTypeSystemClang, TestBuiltinTypeForEmptyTriple) {
+  // Test that we can access type-info of builtin Clang AST
+  // types without crashing even when the target triple is
+  // empty.
+
+  TypeSystemClang ast("empty triple AST", llvm::Triple{});
+
+  // This test only makes sense if the builtin ASTContext types were
+  // not initialized.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ast.getASTContext().VoidPtrTy.isNull());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ast.GetBuiltinTypeByName(ConstString("int")).IsValid());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ast.GetBuiltinTypeForDWARFEncodingAndBitSize(
+                      "char", dwarf::DW_ATE_signed_char, 8)
+                   .IsValid());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ast.GetBuiltinTypeForEncodingAndBitSize(lldb::eEncodingUint, 8)
+                   .IsValid());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ast.GetPointerSizedIntType(/*is_signed=*/false));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ast.GetIntTypeFromBitSize(8, /*is_signed=*/false));
+
+  CompilerType record_type = ast.CreateRecordType(
+      nullptr, OptionalClangModuleID(), lldb::eAccessPublic, "Record",
+      llvm::to_underlying(clang::TagTypeKind::Struct),
+      lldb::eLanguageTypeC_plus_plus, std::nullopt);
+  TypeSystemClang::StartTagDeclarationDefinition(record_type);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ast.AddFieldToRecordType(record_type, "field", record_type,
+                                     eAccessPublic, /*bitfield_bit_size=*/8),
+            nullptr);
+  TypeSystemClang::CompleteTagDeclarationDefinition(record_type);
+}
+
 TEST_F(TestTypeSystemClang, TestDisplayName) {
   TypeSystemClang ast("some name", llvm::Triple());
   EXPECT_EQ("some name", ast.getDisplayName());