diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 60371158d4933..ec1c7b626dc5f 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/),
 - Increase the default segment counter step size when replica promoting ([#17568](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/17568))
 - [WLM] Rename QueryGroup to WorkloadGroup ([#17901](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/17901))
 - Relaxes jarHell check for optionally extended plugins([#17893](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/17893)))
+- Add cluster setting for retry timeout of publish checkpoint tx action ([#17749](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/17749))
 
 ### Dependencies
 - Bump `com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt` from 9.41.1 to 10.0.2 ([#17607](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/17607), [#17669](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/17669))
diff --git a/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/indices/replication/SegmentReplicationIT.java b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/indices/replication/SegmentReplicationIT.java
index 608ae2e215b31..ae093620c25b4 100644
--- a/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/indices/replication/SegmentReplicationIT.java
+++ b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/indices/replication/SegmentReplicationIT.java
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
 import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchType;
 import org.opensearch.action.support.WriteRequest;
+import org.opensearch.action.support.replication.TransportReplicationAction;
 import org.opensearch.action.termvectors.TermVectorsRequestBuilder;
 import org.opensearch.action.termvectors.TermVectorsResponse;
 import org.opensearch.action.update.UpdateResponse;
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.common.unit.TimeValue;
 import org.opensearch.common.util.set.Sets;
 import org.opensearch.core.common.io.stream.NamedWriteableRegistry;
+import org.opensearch.core.concurrency.OpenSearchRejectedExecutionException;
 import org.opensearch.core.index.shard.ShardId;
 import org.opensearch.core.xcontent.XContentBuilder;
 import org.opensearch.index.IndexModule;
@@ -72,6 +74,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.index.engine.NRTReplicationReaderManager;
 import org.opensearch.index.shard.IndexShard;
 import org.opensearch.indices.recovery.FileChunkRequest;
+import org.opensearch.indices.replication.checkpoint.PublishCheckpointAction;
 import org.opensearch.indices.replication.common.ReplicationType;
 import org.opensearch.node.NodeClosedException;
 import org.opensearch.search.SearchService;
@@ -83,6 +86,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.test.OpenSearchIntegTestCase;
 import org.opensearch.test.junit.annotations.TestLogging;
 import org.opensearch.test.transport.MockTransportService;
+import org.opensearch.transport.RemoteTransportException;
 import org.opensearch.transport.TransportService;
 import org.opensearch.transport.client.Requests;
 import org.junit.Before;
@@ -98,6 +102,7 @@
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
@@ -131,6 +136,56 @@ private static String indexOrAlias() {
         return randomBoolean() ? INDEX_NAME : "alias";
     }
 
+    public void testRetryPublishCheckPoint() throws Exception {
+        // Reproduce the case where the replica shard cannot synchronize data from the primary shard when there is a network exception.
+        // Test update of configuration PublishCheckpointAction#PUBLISH_CHECK_POINT_RETRY_TIMEOUT.
+        Settings mockNodeSetting = Settings.builder()
+            .put(TransportReplicationAction.REPLICATION_RETRY_TIMEOUT.getKey(), TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(0))
+            .put(PublishCheckpointAction.PUBLISH_CHECK_POINT_RETRY_TIMEOUT.getKey(), TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(0))
+            .build();
+
+        final String primaryNode = internalCluster().startDataOnlyNode(mockNodeSetting);
+        createIndex(INDEX_NAME, Settings.builder().put(indexSettings()).put("index.refresh_interval", -1).build());
+        ensureYellowAndNoInitializingShards(INDEX_NAME);
+        final String replicaNode = internalCluster().startDataOnlyNode(mockNodeSetting);
+        ensureGreen(INDEX_NAME);
+
+        // update publish checkpoint retry time out
+        client().admin()
+            .cluster()
+            .prepareUpdateSettings()
+            .setPersistentSettings(
+                Settings.builder().put(PublishCheckpointAction.PUBLISH_CHECK_POINT_RETRY_TIMEOUT.getKey(), TimeValue.timeValueMinutes(10))
+            )
+            .get();
+
+        // mock network exception
+        MockTransportService replicaTransportService = ((MockTransportService) internalCluster().getInstance(
+            TransportService.class,
+            replicaNode
+        ));
+        AtomicBoolean mockReplicaReceivePublishCheckpointException = new AtomicBoolean(true);
+        replicaTransportService.addRequestHandlingBehavior(
+            PublishCheckpointAction.ACTION_NAME + TransportReplicationAction.REPLICA_ACTION_SUFFIX,
+            (handler, request, channel, task) -> {
+                if (mockReplicaReceivePublishCheckpointException.get()) {
+                    logger.info("mock remote transport exception");
+                    throw new RemoteTransportException("mock remote transport exception", new OpenSearchRejectedExecutionException());
+                }
+                logger.info("replica receive publish checkpoint request");
+                handler.messageReceived(request, channel, task);
+            }
+        );
+
+        client().prepareIndex(INDEX_NAME).setId("1").setSource("foo", "bar").setRefreshPolicy(WriteRequest.RefreshPolicy.IMMEDIATE).get();
+        waitForSearchableDocs(0, replicaNode);
+        logger.info("ensure publish checkpoint request can be process");
+        mockReplicaReceivePublishCheckpointException.set(false);
+
+        waitForSearchableDocs(1, primaryNode, replicaNode);
+        replicaTransportService.clearAllRules();
+    }
+
     public void testPrimaryStopped_ReplicaPromoted() throws Exception {
         final String primary = internalCluster().startDataOnlyNode();
         createIndex(INDEX_NAME);
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/support/replication/TransportReplicationAction.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/support/replication/TransportReplicationAction.java
index 29cf4003ac679..c81754b33fa62 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/support/replication/TransportReplicationAction.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/support/replication/TransportReplicationAction.java
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ protected TransportReplicationAction(
         this.transportReplicaAction = actionName + REPLICA_ACTION_SUFFIX;
 
         this.initialRetryBackoffBound = REPLICATION_INITIAL_RETRY_BACKOFF_BOUND.get(settings);
-        this.retryTimeout = REPLICATION_RETRY_TIMEOUT.get(settings);
+        this.retryTimeout = getRetryTimeoutSetting().get(settings);
         this.forceExecutionOnPrimary = forceExecutionOnPrimary;
 
         transportService.registerRequestHandler(actionName, ThreadPool.Names.SAME, requestReader, this::handleOperationRequest);
@@ -273,7 +273,11 @@ protected TransportReplicationAction(
 
         ClusterSettings clusterSettings = clusterService.getClusterSettings();
         clusterSettings.addSettingsUpdateConsumer(REPLICATION_INITIAL_RETRY_BACKOFF_BOUND, (v) -> initialRetryBackoffBound = v);
-        clusterSettings.addSettingsUpdateConsumer(REPLICATION_RETRY_TIMEOUT, (v) -> retryTimeout = v);
+        clusterSettings.addSettingsUpdateConsumer(getRetryTimeoutSetting(), (v) -> retryTimeout = v);
+    }
+
+    protected Setting<TimeValue> getRetryTimeoutSetting() {
+        return REPLICATION_RETRY_TIMEOUT;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/common/settings/ClusterSettings.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/common/settings/ClusterSettings.java
index d0722b4f3a942..137260c82e6f5 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/common/settings/ClusterSettings.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/common/settings/ClusterSettings.java
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.indices.breaker.HierarchyCircuitBreakerService;
 import org.opensearch.indices.fielddata.cache.IndicesFieldDataCache;
 import org.opensearch.indices.recovery.RecoverySettings;
+import org.opensearch.indices.replication.checkpoint.PublishCheckpointAction;
 import org.opensearch.indices.store.IndicesStore;
 import org.opensearch.ingest.IngestService;
 import org.opensearch.monitor.fs.FsHealthService;
@@ -440,6 +441,7 @@ public void apply(Settings value, Settings current, Settings previous) {
                 HierarchyCircuitBreakerService.REQUEST_CIRCUIT_BREAKER_TYPE_SETTING,
                 TransportReplicationAction.REPLICATION_INITIAL_RETRY_BACKOFF_BOUND,
                 TransportReplicationAction.REPLICATION_RETRY_TIMEOUT,
+                PublishCheckpointAction.PUBLISH_CHECK_POINT_RETRY_TIMEOUT,
                 TransportSettings.HOST,
                 TransportSettings.PUBLISH_HOST,
                 TransportSettings.PUBLISH_HOST_PROFILE,
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/indices/replication/checkpoint/PublishCheckpointAction.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/indices/replication/checkpoint/PublishCheckpointAction.java
index d1e2884956f5c..7181355333be7 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/indices/replication/checkpoint/PublishCheckpointAction.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/indices/replication/checkpoint/PublishCheckpointAction.java
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
 import org.opensearch.cluster.service.ClusterService;
 import org.opensearch.common.annotation.PublicApi;
 import org.opensearch.common.inject.Inject;
+import org.opensearch.common.settings.Setting;
 import org.opensearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.opensearch.common.unit.TimeValue;
 import org.opensearch.common.util.concurrent.ThreadContext;
 import org.opensearch.common.util.concurrent.ThreadContextAccess;
 import org.opensearch.core.action.ActionListener;
@@ -60,6 +62,16 @@ public class PublishCheckpointAction extends TransportReplicationAction<
 
     private final SegmentReplicationTargetService replicationService;
 
+    /**
+     * The timeout for retrying publish checkpoint requests.
+     */
+    public static final Setting<TimeValue> PUBLISH_CHECK_POINT_RETRY_TIMEOUT = Setting.timeSetting(
+        "indices.publish_check_point.retry_timeout",
+        TimeValue.timeValueMinutes(5),
+        Setting.Property.Dynamic,
+        Setting.Property.NodeScope
+    );
+
     @Inject
     public PublishCheckpointAction(
         Settings settings,
@@ -87,6 +99,11 @@ public PublishCheckpointAction(
         this.replicationService = targetService;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    protected Setting<TimeValue> getRetryTimeoutSetting() {
+        return PUBLISH_CHECK_POINT_RETRY_TIMEOUT;
+    }
+
     @Override
     protected ReplicationResponse newResponseInstance(StreamInput in) throws IOException {
         return new ReplicationResponse(in);