chore(deps): update golang docker tag to v1.23 (#5712)

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This PR contains the following updates:

| Package | Type | Update | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| golang | final | minor | `1.22-alpine` -> `1.23-alpine` |

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example/zipkin/Dockerfile

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-FROM golang:1.22-alpine
+FROM golang:1.23-alpine
 COPY . /go/src/github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go/
 WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go/example/zipkin/
 RUN go install ./main.go