diff --git a/lib/array_crud.rb b/lib/array_crud.rb
index 2199fceb8..3e04d4430 100644
--- a/lib/array_crud.rb
+++ b/lib/array_crud.rb
@@ -1,35 +1,35 @@
 def create_an_empty_array
-  
+  []
 end
 
 def create_an_array
-  
+  [" ", " ", " ", " "]
 end
 
 def add_element_to_end_of_array(array, element)
-  
+  array.push(element)
 end
 
 def add_element_to_start_of_array(array, element)
-  
+  array.unshift(element)
 end
 
 def remove_element_from_end_of_array(array)
-  
+  array.pop()
 end
 
 def remove_element_from_start_of_array(array)
-  
+  array.shift()
 end
 
 def retrieve_element_from_index(array, index_number)
-  
+  array[index_number]
 end
 
 def retrieve_first_element_from_array(array)
-  
+  array[0]
 end
 
 def retrieve_last_element_from_array(array)
-  
+  array[-1]
 end