Rollup merge of rust-lang#142331 - deven:trim_prefix_suffix, r=Amanieu

Add `trim_prefix` and `trim_suffix` methods for both `slice` and `str` types.

Implements `trim_prefix` and `trim_suffix` methods for both `slice` and `str` types, which remove at most one occurrence of a prefix/suffix while always returning a string/slice (rather than Option), enabling easy method chaining.

## Tracking issue
rust-lang#142312

## API
```rust
impl str {
    pub fn trim_prefix<P: Pattern>(&self, prefix: P) -> &str;
    pub fn trim_suffix<P: Pattern>(&self, suffix: P) -> &str
    where
        for<'a> P::Searcher<'a>: ReverseSearcher<'a>;
}

impl<T> [T] {
    pub fn trim_prefix<P: SlicePattern<Item = T> + ?Sized>(&self, prefix: &P) -> &[T]
    where
        T: PartialEq;
    pub fn trim_suffix<P: SlicePattern<Item = T> + ?Sized>(&self, suffix: &P) -> &[T]
    where
        T: PartialEq;
}
```

## Examples
```rust
// Method chaining
assert_eq!(" <https://example.com/> ".trim().trim_prefix('<').trim_suffix('>').trim(), "https://example.com/");

// Slices
let v = &[10, 40, 30];
assert_eq!(v.trim_prefix(&[10]), &[40, 30][..]);
```

## ACP
Originally proposed in rust-lang/libs-team#597

Author: jhpratt

library/core/src/slice/mod.rs

@@ -2764,6 +2764,89 @@ impl<T> [T] {
         None
     }
 
+    /// Returns a subslice with the optional prefix removed.
+    ///
+    /// If the slice starts with `prefix`, returns the subslice after the prefix.  If `prefix`
+    /// is empty or the slice does not start with `prefix`, simply returns the original slice.
+    /// If `prefix` is equal to the original slice, returns an empty slice.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// #![feature(trim_prefix_suffix)]
+    ///
+    /// let v = &[10, 40, 30];
+    ///
+    /// // Prefix present - removes it
+    /// assert_eq!(v.trim_prefix(&[10]), &[40, 30][..]);
+    /// assert_eq!(v.trim_prefix(&[10, 40]), &[30][..]);
+    /// assert_eq!(v.trim_prefix(&[10, 40, 30]), &[][..]);
+    ///
+    /// // Prefix absent - returns original slice
+    /// assert_eq!(v.trim_prefix(&[50]), &[10, 40, 30][..]);
+    /// assert_eq!(v.trim_prefix(&[10, 50]), &[10, 40, 30][..]);
+    ///
+    /// let prefix : &str = "he";
+    /// assert_eq!(b"hello".trim_prefix(prefix.as_bytes()), b"llo".as_ref());
+    /// ```
+    #[must_use = "returns the subslice without modifying the original"]
+    #[unstable(feature = "trim_prefix_suffix", issue = "142312")]
+    pub fn trim_prefix<P: SlicePattern<Item = T> + ?Sized>(&self, prefix: &P) -> &[T]
+    where
+        T: PartialEq,
+    {
+        // This function will need rewriting if and when SlicePattern becomes more sophisticated.
+        let prefix = prefix.as_slice();
+        let n = prefix.len();
+        if n <= self.len() {
+            let (head, tail) = self.split_at(n);
+            if head == prefix {
+                return tail;
+            }
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a subslice with the optional suffix removed.
+    ///
+    /// If the slice ends with `suffix`, returns the subslice before the suffix.  If `suffix`
+    /// is empty or the slice does not end with `suffix`, simply returns the original slice.
+    /// If `suffix` is equal to the original slice, returns an empty slice.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// #![feature(trim_prefix_suffix)]
+    ///
+    /// let v = &[10, 40, 30];
+    ///
+    /// // Suffix present - removes it
+    /// assert_eq!(v.trim_suffix(&[30]), &[10, 40][..]);
+    /// assert_eq!(v.trim_suffix(&[40, 30]), &[10][..]);
+    /// assert_eq!(v.trim_suffix(&[10, 40, 30]), &[][..]);
+    ///
+    /// // Suffix absent - returns original slice
+    /// assert_eq!(v.trim_suffix(&[50]), &[10, 40, 30][..]);
+    /// assert_eq!(v.trim_suffix(&[50, 30]), &[10, 40, 30][..]);
+    /// ```
+    #[must_use = "returns the subslice without modifying the original"]
+    #[unstable(feature = "trim_prefix_suffix", issue = "142312")]
+    pub fn trim_suffix<P: SlicePattern<Item = T> + ?Sized>(&self, suffix: &P) -> &[T]
+    where
+        T: PartialEq,
+    {
+        // This function will need rewriting if and when SlicePattern becomes more sophisticated.
+        let suffix = suffix.as_slice();
+        let (len, n) = (self.len(), suffix.len());
+        if n <= len {
+            let (head, tail) = self.split_at(len - n);
+            if tail == suffix {
+                return head;
+            }
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
     /// Binary searches this slice for a given element.
     /// If the slice is not sorted, the returned result is unspecified and
     /// meaningless.

library/core/src/str/mod.rs

@@ -2426,6 +2426,83 @@ impl str {
         suffix.strip_suffix_of(self)
     }
 
+    /// Returns a string slice with the optional prefix removed.
+    ///
+    /// If the string starts with the pattern `prefix`, returns the substring after the prefix.
+    /// Unlike [`strip_prefix`], this method always returns `&str` for easy method chaining,
+    /// instead of returning [`Option<&str>`].
+    ///
+    /// If the string does not start with `prefix`, returns the original string unchanged.
+    ///
+    /// The [pattern] can be a `&str`, [`char`], a slice of [`char`]s, or a
+    /// function or closure that determines if a character matches.
+    ///
+    /// [`char`]: prim@char
+    /// [pattern]: self::pattern
+    /// [`strip_prefix`]: Self::strip_prefix
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// #![feature(trim_prefix_suffix)]
+    ///
+    /// // Prefix present - removes it
+    /// assert_eq!("foo:bar".trim_prefix("foo:"), "bar");
+    /// assert_eq!("foofoo".trim_prefix("foo"), "foo");
+    ///
+    /// // Prefix absent - returns original string
+    /// assert_eq!("foo:bar".trim_prefix("bar"), "foo:bar");
+    ///
+    /// // Method chaining example
+    /// assert_eq!("<https://example.com/>".trim_prefix('<').trim_suffix('>'), "https://example.com/");
+    /// ```
+    #[must_use = "this returns the remaining substring as a new slice, \
+                  without modifying the original"]
+    #[unstable(feature = "trim_prefix_suffix", issue = "142312")]
+    pub fn trim_prefix<P: Pattern>(&self, prefix: P) -> &str {
+        prefix.strip_prefix_of(self).unwrap_or(self)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a string slice with the optional suffix removed.
+    ///
+    /// If the string ends with the pattern `suffix`, returns the substring before the suffix.
+    /// Unlike [`strip_suffix`], this method always returns `&str` for easy method chaining,
+    /// instead of returning [`Option<&str>`].
+    ///
+    /// If the string does not end with `suffix`, returns the original string unchanged.
+    ///
+    /// The [pattern] can be a `&str`, [`char`], a slice of [`char`]s, or a
+    /// function or closure that determines if a character matches.
+    ///
+    /// [`char`]: prim@char
+    /// [pattern]: self::pattern
+    /// [`strip_suffix`]: Self::strip_suffix
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// #![feature(trim_prefix_suffix)]
+    ///
+    /// // Suffix present - removes it
+    /// assert_eq!("bar:foo".trim_suffix(":foo"), "bar");
+    /// assert_eq!("foofoo".trim_suffix("foo"), "foo");
+    ///
+    /// // Suffix absent - returns original string
+    /// assert_eq!("bar:foo".trim_suffix("bar"), "bar:foo");
+    ///
+    /// // Method chaining example
+    /// assert_eq!("<https://example.com/>".trim_prefix('<').trim_suffix('>'), "https://example.com/");
+    /// ```
+    #[must_use = "this returns the remaining substring as a new slice, \
+                  without modifying the original"]
+    #[unstable(feature = "trim_prefix_suffix", issue = "142312")]
+    pub fn trim_suffix<P: Pattern>(&self, suffix: P) -> &str
+    where
+        for<'a> P::Searcher<'a>: ReverseSearcher<'a>,
+    {
+        suffix.strip_suffix_of(self).unwrap_or(self)
+    }
+
     /// Returns a string slice with all suffixes that match a pattern
     /// repeatedly removed.
     ///