x86/retpoline: Fill return stack buffer on vmexit

In accordance with the Intel and AMD documentation, we need to overwrite
all entries in the RSB on exiting a guest, to prevent malicious branch
target predictions from affecting the host kernel. This is needed both
for retpoline and for IBRS.

[ak: numbers again for the RSB stuffing labels]

Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Tested-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
Cc: Rik van Riel <[email protected]>
Cc: Andi Kleen <[email protected]>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected]
Cc: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Dave Hansen <[email protected]>
Cc: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Tim Chen <[email protected]>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <[email protected]>
Cc: Paul Turner <[email protected]>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]

Author: dwmw2

arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h

@@ -7,6 +7,48 @@
 #include <asm/alternative-asm.h>
 #include <asm/cpufeatures.h>
 
+/*
+ * Fill the CPU return stack buffer.
+ *
+ * Each entry in the RSB, if used for a speculative 'ret', contains an
+ * infinite 'pause; jmp' loop to capture speculative execution.
+ *
+ * This is required in various cases for retpoline and IBRS-based
+ * mitigations for the Spectre variant 2 vulnerability. Sometimes to
+ * eliminate potentially bogus entries from the RSB, and sometimes
+ * purely to ensure that it doesn't get empty, which on some CPUs would
+ * allow predictions from other (unwanted!) sources to be used.
+ *
+ * We define a CPP macro such that it can be used from both .S files and
+ * inline assembly. It's possible to do a .macro and then include that
+ * from C via asm(".include <asm/nospec-branch.h>") but let's not go there.
+ */
+
+#define RSB_CLEAR_LOOPS		32	/* To forcibly overwrite all entries */
+#define RSB_FILL_LOOPS		16	/* To avoid underflow */
+
+/*
+ * Google experimented with loop-unrolling and this turned out to be
+ * the optimal version — two calls, each with their own speculation
+ * trap should their return address end up getting used, in a loop.
+ */
+#define __FILL_RETURN_BUFFER(reg, nr, sp)	\
+	mov	$(nr/2), reg;			\
+771:						\
+	call	772f;				\
+773:	/* speculation trap */			\
+	pause;					\
+	jmp	773b;				\
+772:						\
+	call	774f;				\
+775:	/* speculation trap */			\
+	pause;					\
+	jmp	775b;				\
+774:						\
+	dec	reg;				\
+	jnz	771b;				\
+	add	$(BITS_PER_LONG/8) * nr, sp;
+
 #ifdef __ASSEMBLY__
 
 /*
@@ -74,6 +116,20 @@
 #else
 	call	*\reg
 #endif
+.endm
+
+ /*
+  * A simpler FILL_RETURN_BUFFER macro. Don't make people use the CPP
+  * monstrosity above, manually.
+  */
+.macro FILL_RETURN_BUFFER reg:req nr:req ftr:req
+#ifdef CONFIG_RETPOLINE
+	ANNOTATE_NOSPEC_ALTERNATIVE
+	ALTERNATIVE "jmp .Lskip_rsb_\@",				\
+		__stringify(__FILL_RETURN_BUFFER(\reg,\nr,%_ASM_SP))	\
+		\ftr
+.Lskip_rsb_\@:
+#endif
 .endm
 
 #else /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
@@ -119,7 +175,7 @@
 	X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE)
 
 # define THUNK_TARGET(addr) [thunk_target] "rm" (addr)
-#else /* No retpoline */
+#else /* No retpoline for C / inline asm */
 # define CALL_NOSPEC "call *%[thunk_target]\n"
 # define THUNK_TARGET(addr) [thunk_target] "rm" (addr)
 #endif
@@ -134,5 +190,25 @@ enum spectre_v2_mitigation {
 	SPECTRE_V2_IBRS,
 };
 
+/*
+ * On VMEXIT we must ensure that no RSB predictions learned in the guest
+ * can be followed in the host, by overwriting the RSB completely. Both
+ * retpoline and IBRS mitigations for Spectre v2 need this; only on future
+ * CPUs with IBRS_ATT *might* it be avoided.
+ */
+static inline void vmexit_fill_RSB(void)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_RETPOLINE
+	unsigned long loops = RSB_CLEAR_LOOPS / 2;
+
+	asm volatile (ANNOTATE_NOSPEC_ALTERNATIVE
+		      ALTERNATIVE("jmp 910f",
+				  __stringify(__FILL_RETURN_BUFFER(%0, RSB_CLEAR_LOOPS, %1)),
+				  X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE)
+		      "910:"
+		      : "=&r" (loops), ASM_CALL_CONSTRAINT
+		      : "r" (loops) : "memory" );
+#endif
+}
 #endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
 #endif /* __NOSPEC_BRANCH_H__ */

arch/x86/kvm/svm.c

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 #include <asm/debugreg.h>
 #include <asm/kvm_para.h>
 #include <asm/irq_remapping.h>
+#include <asm/nospec-branch.h>
 
 #include <asm/virtext.h>
 #include "trace.h"
@@ -4985,6 +4986,9 @@ static void svm_vcpu_run(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 #endif
 		);
 
+	/* Eliminate branch target predictions from guest mode */
+	vmexit_fill_RSB();
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
 	wrmsrl(MSR_GS_BASE, svm->host.gs_base);
 #else

arch/x86/kvm/vmx.c

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
 #include <asm/apic.h>
 #include <asm/irq_remapping.h>
 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
+#include <asm/nospec-branch.h>
 
 #include "trace.h"
 #include "pmu.h"
@@ -9403,6 +9404,9 @@ static void __noclone vmx_vcpu_run(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 #endif
 	      );
 
+	/* Eliminate branch target predictions from guest mode */
+	vmexit_fill_RSB();
+
 	/* MSR_IA32_DEBUGCTLMSR is zeroed on vmexit. Restore it if needed */
 	if (debugctlmsr)
 		update_debugctlmsr(debugctlmsr);