core/vm: improved stack swap performance

core/vm/instructions.go

@@ -583,6 +583,86 @@ func opGas(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
+func opSwap1(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
+	scope.Stack.swap1()
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func opSwap2(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
+	scope.Stack.swap2()
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func opSwap3(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
+	scope.Stack.swap3()
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func opSwap4(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
+	scope.Stack.swap4()
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func opSwap5(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
+	scope.Stack.swap5()
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func opSwap6(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
+	scope.Stack.swap6()
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func opSwap7(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
+	scope.Stack.swap7()
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func opSwap8(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
+	scope.Stack.swap8()
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func opSwap9(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
+	scope.Stack.swap9()
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func opSwap10(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
+	scope.Stack.swap10()
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func opSwap11(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
+	scope.Stack.swap11()
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func opSwap12(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
+	scope.Stack.swap12()
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func opSwap13(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
+	scope.Stack.swap13()
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func opSwap14(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
+	scope.Stack.swap14()
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func opSwap15(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
+	scope.Stack.swap15()
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func opSwap16(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
+	scope.Stack.swap16()
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
 func opCreate(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
 	if interpreter.readOnly {
 		return nil, ErrWriteProtection
@@ -923,13 +1003,3 @@ func makeDup(size int64) executionFunc {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
 }
-
-// make swap instruction function
-func makeSwap(size int64) executionFunc {
-	// switch n + 1 otherwise n would be swapped with n
-	size++
-	return func(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
-		scope.Stack.swap(int(size))
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-}

core/vm/jump_table.go

@@ -892,97 +892,97 @@ func newFrontierInstructionSet() JumpTable {
 			maxStack:    maxDupStack(16),
 		},
 		SWAP1: {
-			execute:     makeSwap(1),
+			execute:     opSwap1,
 			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
 			minStack:    minSwapStack(2),
 			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(2),
 		},
 		SWAP2: {
-			execute:     makeSwap(2),
+			execute:     opSwap2,
 			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
 			minStack:    minSwapStack(3),
 			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(3),
 		},
 		SWAP3: {
-			execute:     makeSwap(3),
+			execute:     opSwap3,
 			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
 			minStack:    minSwapStack(4),
 			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(4),
 		},
 		SWAP4: {
-			execute:     makeSwap(4),
+			execute:     opSwap4,
 			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
 			minStack:    minSwapStack(5),
 			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(5),
 		},
 		SWAP5: {
-			execute:     makeSwap(5),
+			execute:     opSwap5,
 			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
 			minStack:    minSwapStack(6),
 			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(6),
 		},
 		SWAP6: {
-			execute:     makeSwap(6),
+			execute:     opSwap6,
 			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
 			minStack:    minSwapStack(7),
 			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(7),
 		},
 		SWAP7: {
-			execute:     makeSwap(7),
+			execute:     opSwap7,
 			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
 			minStack:    minSwapStack(8),
 			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(8),
 		},
 		SWAP8: {
-			execute:     makeSwap(8),
+			execute:     opSwap8,
 			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
 			minStack:    minSwapStack(9),
 			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(9),
 		},
 		SWAP9: {
-			execute:     makeSwap(9),
+			execute:     opSwap9,
 			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
 			minStack:    minSwapStack(10),
 			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(10),
 		},
 		SWAP10: {
-			execute:     makeSwap(10),
+			execute:     opSwap10,
 			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
 			minStack:    minSwapStack(11),
 			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(11),
 		},
 		SWAP11: {
-			execute:     makeSwap(11),
+			execute:     opSwap11,
 			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
 			minStack:    minSwapStack(12),
 			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(12),
 		},
 		SWAP12: {
-			execute:     makeSwap(12),
+			execute:     opSwap12,
 			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
 			minStack:    minSwapStack(13),
 			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(13),
 		},
 		SWAP13: {
-			execute:     makeSwap(13),
+			execute:     opSwap13,
 			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
 			minStack:    minSwapStack(14),
 			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(14),
 		},
 		SWAP14: {
-			execute:     makeSwap(14),
+			execute:     opSwap14,
 			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
 			minStack:    minSwapStack(15),
 			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(15),
 		},
 		SWAP15: {
-			execute:     makeSwap(15),
+			execute:     opSwap15,
 			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
 			minStack:    minSwapStack(16),
 			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(16),
 		},
 		SWAP16: {
-			execute:     makeSwap(16),
+			execute:     opSwap16,
 			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
 			minStack:    minSwapStack(17),
 			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(17),

core/vm/runtime/runtime_test.go

@@ -213,6 +213,35 @@ func BenchmarkEVM_CREATE2_1200(bench *testing.B) {
 	benchmarkEVM_Create(bench, "5b5862124f80600080f5600152600056")
 }
 
+func BenchmarkEVM_SWAP1(b *testing.B) {
+	// returns a contract that does n swaps (SWAP1)
+	swapContract := func(n uint64) []byte {
+		contract := []byte{
+			byte(vm.PUSH0), // PUSH0
+			byte(vm.PUSH0), // PUSH0
+		}
+		for i := uint64(0); i < n; i++ {
+			contract = append(contract, byte(vm.SWAP1))
+		}
+		return contract
+	}
+
+	state, _ := state.New(types.EmptyRootHash, state.NewDatabase(rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()), nil)
+	contractAddr := common.BytesToAddress([]byte("contract"))
+
+	b.Run("10k", func(b *testing.B) {
+		contractCode := swapContract(10_000)
+		state.SetCode(contractAddr, contractCode)
+
+		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+			_, _, err := Call(contractAddr, []byte{}, &Config{State: state})
+			if err != nil {
+				b.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}
+
 func fakeHeader(n uint64, parentHash common.Hash) *types.Header {
 	header := types.Header{
 		Coinbase:   common.HexToAddress("0x00000000000000000000000000000000deadbeef"),

core/vm/stack.go

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ var stackPool = sync.Pool{
 
 // Stack is an object for basic stack operations. Items popped to the stack are
 // expected to be changed and modified. stack does not take care of adding newly
-// initialised objects.
+// initialized objects.
 type Stack struct {
 	data []uint256.Int
 }
@@ -64,8 +64,53 @@ func (st *Stack) len() int {
 	return len(st.data)
 }
 
-func (st *Stack) swap(n int) {
-	st.data[st.len()-n], st.data[st.len()-1] = st.data[st.len()-1], st.data[st.len()-n]
+func (st *Stack) swap1() {
+	st.data[st.len()-2], st.data[st.len()-1] = st.data[st.len()-1], st.data[st.len()-2]
+}
+func (st *Stack) swap2() {
+	st.data[st.len()-3], st.data[st.len()-1] = st.data[st.len()-1], st.data[st.len()-3]
+}
+func (st *Stack) swap3() {
+	st.data[st.len()-4], st.data[st.len()-1] = st.data[st.len()-1], st.data[st.len()-4]
+}
+func (st *Stack) swap4() {
+	st.data[st.len()-5], st.data[st.len()-1] = st.data[st.len()-1], st.data[st.len()-5]
+}
+func (st *Stack) swap5() {
+	st.data[st.len()-6], st.data[st.len()-1] = st.data[st.len()-1], st.data[st.len()-6]
+}
+func (st *Stack) swap6() {
+	st.data[st.len()-7], st.data[st.len()-1] = st.data[st.len()-1], st.data[st.len()-7]
+}
+func (st *Stack) swap7() {
+	st.data[st.len()-8], st.data[st.len()-1] = st.data[st.len()-1], st.data[st.len()-8]
+}
+func (st *Stack) swap8() {
+	st.data[st.len()-9], st.data[st.len()-1] = st.data[st.len()-1], st.data[st.len()-9]
+}
+func (st *Stack) swap9() {
+	st.data[st.len()-10], st.data[st.len()-1] = st.data[st.len()-1], st.data[st.len()-10]
+}
+func (st *Stack) swap10() {
+	st.data[st.len()-11], st.data[st.len()-1] = st.data[st.len()-1], st.data[st.len()-11]
+}
+func (st *Stack) swap11() {
+	st.data[st.len()-12], st.data[st.len()-1] = st.data[st.len()-1], st.data[st.len()-12]
+}
+func (st *Stack) swap12() {
+	st.data[st.len()-13], st.data[st.len()-1] = st.data[st.len()-1], st.data[st.len()-13]
+}
+func (st *Stack) swap13() {
+	st.data[st.len()-14], st.data[st.len()-1] = st.data[st.len()-1], st.data[st.len()-14]
+}
+func (st *Stack) swap14() {
+	st.data[st.len()-15], st.data[st.len()-1] = st.data[st.len()-1], st.data[st.len()-15]
+}
+func (st *Stack) swap15() {
+	st.data[st.len()-16], st.data[st.len()-1] = st.data[st.len()-1], st.data[st.len()-16]
+}
+func (st *Stack) swap16() {
+	st.data[st.len()-17], st.data[st.len()-1] = st.data[st.len()-1], st.data[st.len()-17]
 }
 
 func (st *Stack) dup(n int) {