feat(error handling): add detailed error handling for code execution

Introduce new exceptions for code execution errors, including
MissingCodeError, InvalidCodeFormatError, UnsupportedLanguageError,
and CompilationError. These exceptions provide specific feedback
to users and are integrated into the error handling configuration
to log and optionally send certain errors to Sentry for monitoring.

Enhancing error handling for code execution improves user experience
by providing clear feedback on what went wrong and allows for better
monitoring of issues related to code execution, aiding in debugging
and improving system reliability.

Author: kzndotsh

tux/handlers/error.py

@@ -23,7 +23,15 @@
 
 from tux.bot import Tux
 from tux.ui.embeds import EmbedCreator
-from tux.utils.exceptions import AppCommandPermissionLevelError, PermissionLevelError
+from tux.utils.exceptions import (
+    AppCommandPermissionLevelError,
+    CodeExecutionError,
+    CompilationError,
+    InvalidCodeFormatError,
+    MissingCodeError,
+    PermissionLevelError,
+    UnsupportedLanguageError,
+)
 
 # --- Constants and Configuration ---
 
@@ -377,6 +385,32 @@ def _extract_missing_argument_details(error: Exception) -> dict[str, Any]:
         message_format="You need permission level `{error.permission}` to use this command.",
         send_to_sentry=False,
     ),
+    # === Code Execution Errors (from tux.utils.exceptions) ===
+    MissingCodeError: ErrorHandlerConfig(
+        message_format="{error}",
+        log_level="INFO",
+        send_to_sentry=False,
+    ),
+    InvalidCodeFormatError: ErrorHandlerConfig(
+        message_format="{error}",
+        log_level="INFO",
+        send_to_sentry=False,
+    ),
+    UnsupportedLanguageError: ErrorHandlerConfig(
+        message_format="{error}",
+        log_level="INFO",
+        send_to_sentry=False,
+    ),
+    CompilationError: ErrorHandlerConfig(
+        message_format="{error}",
+        log_level="INFO",
+        send_to_sentry=True,  # Monitor frequency of compilation failures
+    ),
+    CodeExecutionError: ErrorHandlerConfig(
+        message_format="{error}",
+        log_level="INFO",
+        send_to_sentry=True,  # Monitor general code execution issues
+    ),
     # === Discord API & Client Errors ===
     discord.ClientException: ErrorHandlerConfig(
         message_format="A client-side error occurred: {error}",

tux/utils/exceptions.py

@@ -115,3 +115,60 @@ def __init__(self, service_name: str, status_code: int = 403):
             status_code,
             reason="API request failed due to insufficient permissions.",
         )
+
+
+# === Code Execution Exceptions ===
+
+
+class CodeExecutionError(Exception):
+    """Base exception for code execution errors."""
+
+
+class MissingCodeError(CodeExecutionError):
+    """Raised when no code is provided for execution."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            "Please provide code with syntax highlighting in this format:\n"
+            '```\n`\u200b``python\nprint("Hello, World!")\n`\u200b``\n```',
+        )
+
+
+class InvalidCodeFormatError(CodeExecutionError):
+    """Raised when code format is invalid."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            "Please provide code with syntax highlighting in this format:\n"
+            '```\n`\u200b``python\nprint("Hello, World!")\n`\u200b``\n```',
+        )
+
+
+class UnsupportedLanguageError(CodeExecutionError):
+    """Raised when the specified language is not supported."""
+
+    def __init__(self, language: str, supported_languages: list[str]) -> None:
+        """
+        Initialize with language-specific error message.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        language : str
+            The unsupported language that was requested.
+        supported_languages : list[str]
+            List of supported language names.
+        """
+        self.language = language
+        self.supported_languages = supported_languages
+        available_langs = ", ".join(supported_languages)
+
+        super().__init__(
+            f"No compiler found for `{language}`. The following languages are supported:\n```{available_langs}```",
+        )
+
+
+class CompilationError(CodeExecutionError):
+    """Raised when code compilation fails."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        super().__init__("Failed to get output from the compiler. The code may have compilation errors.")