sql: remove use of fast_float crate because RUSTSEC-2024-0379

[ParkMyCar]

As it says in the title, removes our one use of the fast_float crate because of RUSTSEC-2024-0379

Motivation

• This PR fixes a previously unreported bug.

RUSTSEC-2024-0379

Tips for reviewer

There's a chance fast_float could have slightly different float parsing than std, will kick of a round of Nightlies to see

Checklist

• This PR has adequate test coverage / QA involvement has been duly considered. (trigger-ci for additional test/nightly runs)
• This PR has an associated up-to-date design doc, is a design doc (template), or is sufficiently small to not require a design.
• If this PR evolves an existing $T ⇔ Proto$T mapping (possibly in a backwards-incompatible way), then it is tagged with a T-proto label.
• If this PR will require changes to cloud orchestration or tests, there is a companion cloud PR to account for those changes that is tagged with the release-blocker label (example).
• If this PR includes major user-facing behavior changes, I have pinged the relevant PM to schedule a changelog post.

[ParkMyCar]

Kicked off a round of Nightlies: https://buildkite.com/materialize/nightly/builds/10347

[def-]

Thanks!

[ParkMyCar]

For posterity, it seems like core and std should be using the same algorithm as fast_float so we don't expect performance regressions here. See rust-lang/rust#86761