Dates parsing: remove throw InexactError from tryparsenext, fixes #44003 (#44004)

Author: David Bach

stdlib/Dates/src/io.jl

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ struct Decimal3 end
     len = ii - i
     if len > 3
         ms, r = divrem(ms0, Int64(10) ^ (len - 3))
-        r == 0 || throw(InexactError(:convert, Decimal3, ms0))
+        r == 0 || return nothing
     else
         ms = ms0 * Int64(10) ^ (3 - len)
     end

stdlib/Dates/test/io.jl

@@ -465,13 +465,17 @@ end
 # Issue #21504
 @test tryparse(Dates.Date, "0-1000") === nothing
 
+# Issue #44003
+@test tryparse(Dates.Date, "2017", Dates.DateFormat(".s")) === nothing
+
 @testset "parse milliseconds, Issue #22100" begin
     @test Dates.DateTime("2017-Mar-17 00:00:00.0000", "y-u-d H:M:S.s") == Dates.DateTime(2017, 3, 17)
     @test Dates.parse_components(".1", Dates.DateFormat(".s")) == [Dates.Millisecond(100)]
     @test Dates.parse_components(".12", Dates.DateFormat(".s")) == [Dates.Millisecond(120)]
     @test Dates.parse_components(".123", Dates.DateFormat(".s")) == [Dates.Millisecond(123)]
     @test Dates.parse_components(".1230", Dates.DateFormat(".s")) == [Dates.Millisecond(123)]
-    @test_throws InexactError Dates.parse_components(".1234", Dates.DateFormat(".s"))
+    # Issue #44003
+    @test_throws ArgumentError Dates.parse_components(".1234", Dates.DateFormat(".s"))
 
     # Ensure that no overflow occurs when using Int32 literals: Int32(10)^10
     @test Dates.parse_components("." * rpad(999, 10, '0'), Dates.DateFormat(".s")) == [Dates.Millisecond(999)]